Edward I

I. Scotland 
    A. Picts, Scots and Britons
        1. The Picts and Hadrian's Wall
            a. Scotland was difficult for the Romans to control
            b. the Picts continually launched raids
            c. the emperor Hadrian decided to build a wall (122-8 CE) that 
                    would aid the Romans in defending the border region [MAP]
            d. Images:  the wall, diagram of the wall, reconstructed gatehouse
        2. The Scots (Gaels)
            a. migrated from Ireland
            b. settled in SW Scotland
        3. The Britons
            - some migrated to southern Scotland when the Anglo-Saxons arrived
    B. 5th to 8th Centuries [MAP]
        1. the Anglo-Saxons also pushed across Hadrian's Wall into southern
                Scotland, conquering the territory occupied by the Britons
        2. the Picts, Scots and Anglo-Saxons engaged in warfare throughout this period
        3. the Northumbrians dominated in the 7th and early 8th c.
        4. the Picts dominated in the late 8th and early 9th c.
        5. the Scots came to dominate in the mid 9th c.
    C. Unification under Kenneth MacAlpine
        1. Viking attacks weakened the Picts
        2. this gave the king of the Scots (Kenneth MacAlpine) an opportunity
                to conquer the Picts
        3. he ruled a unified Scotland (except for some territory in southern
                Scotland controlled by the Vikings)
        4. his successors manage to keep the kingdom together and even regain
                much of southern Scotland from the Vikings
    D. English Overlordship
        1. Canute led an army into Scotland in 1031
        2. he forced the Scottish king Malcolm II to submit to his overlordship
        3. he had just wanted to stop Scottish attacks in northern England
        4. thus, he didn't conquer Scotland and make it part of the English kingdom
    E. Scotland under the Normans and early Plantagenets
        1. over time, Scotland began making more raids into northern England
        2. William the Conqueror led an army into Scotland in 1072
        3. as with Canute, William simply forced the Scotish king to submit
                to his overlordship
        4. he also built some large castles to guard the border from 
                Scottish raids
        5. because no king definitively defeated the Scots and subjected them
                to English rule, this cycle of attacks and submission continued
                until Edward I comes to the throne
II. Film on Edward I (A History of Britain, vol. II, part II: Nations)