From: Medieval Sourcebook [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook.html]
5. Concerning Obedience
The first grade of humility is obedience without delay. This becomes
those who, on account of the holy service which they have professed, or
on account of the fear of hell or the glory of eternal life, consider nothing
dearer to them than Christ: so that, so soon as anything is commanded by
their superior, they may not know how to suffer delay in doing it, even
as if it were a divine command. Concerning whom the Lord said: "As soon
as he heard of me he obeyed me."
16. How Divine Service Shall Be Held through the Day.
As the prophet says: "Seven times in the day so I praise
Thee." Which sacred number of seven will thus be fulfilled by us if, at
matins, at the first, third, sixth, ninth hours, at vesper time and at
"completorium" we perform the duties of our service; for it is of these
hours of the day that he said: "Seven times in the day do I praise Thee."
For, concerning nocturnal vigils, the same prophet says: "At midnight I
arose to confess unto thee." Therefore, at these times, let us give thanks
to our Creator concerning the judgments of his righteousness; that is,
at matins, etc..... and at night we will rise and confess to him....
22. How the Monks Shall Sleep.
They shall sleep separately in separate beds. They shall receive positions
for their beds, after the manner of their characters, according to the
dispensation of their abbot. If it can be done, they shall all sleep in
one place. If, however, their number do not permit it, they shall rest,
by tens or twenties, with elders who will concern themselves about them.
A candle shall always be burning in that same cell until early in the morning.
They shall sleep clothed, and girt with belts or with ropes; and they shall
not have their knives at their sides while they sleep, lest perchance in
a dream they should wound the sleepers. And let the monks be always on
the alert; and, when the signal is given, rising without delay, let them
hasten to mutually prepare themselves for the service of God with all gravity
and modesty, however. The younger brothers shall not have beds by themselves,
but interspersed among those of the elder ones. And when they rise for
the service of God, they shall exhort each other mutually with moderation
on account of the excuses that those who are sleepy are inclined to make.
33. Whether the Monks Should Have Anything of Their Own
More than anything else is this special vice to be cut off root and
branch from the monastery, that one should presume to give or receive anything
without the order of the abbot, or should have anything of his own. He
should have absolutely not anything: neither a book, nor tablets, nor a
pen-nothing at all.-For indeed it is not allowed to the monks to have their
own bodies or wills in their own power. But all things necessary they must
expect from the Father of the monastery; nor is it allowable to have anything
which the abbot did not give or permit. All things shall be common to all,
as it is written: "Let not any man presume or call anything his own." But
if any one shall have been discovered delighting in this most evil vice:
being warned once and again, if he do not amend, let him be subjected to
punishment.
39 Concerning the Amount of food
We believe, moreover, that, for the daily refection of the sixth as
well as of the ninth hour, two cooked dishes, on account of the infirmities
of the different ones, are enough for all tables: so that whoever, perchance,
can not eat of one may partake of the other. Therefore let two cooked dishes
suffice for all the brothers: and, if it is possible to obtain apples or
growing vegetables, a third may be added. One full pound of bread shall
suffice for a day, whether there be one refection, or a breakfast and a
supper. But if they are going to have supper, the third part of that same
pound shall be reserved by the cellarer, to be given back to those who
are about to sup. But if, perchance, some greater labour shall have been
performed, it shall be in the will and power of the abbot, if it is expedient,
to increase anything; surfeiting above all things being guarded against,
so that indigestion may never seize a monk: for nothing is so contrary
to every Christian as surfeiting, as our Lord says: "Take heed to yourselves,
lest your hearts be overcharged with surfeiting. " But to younger boys
the same quantity shall not be served, but less than that to the older
ones; moderation being observed in all things. But the eating of the flesh
of quadrupeds shall be abstained from altogether by every one, excepting
alone the weak and the sick.
40. Concerning the Amount of Drink.
Each one has his own gift from God, the one in this way, the other
in that. Therefore it is with some hesitation that the amount of daily
sustenance for others is fixed by us. Nevertheless, in view of the weakness
of the infirm we believe that a hemina [just less than half a liter] of
wine a day is enough for each one. Those moreover to whom God gives the
ability of bearing abstinence shall know that they will have their own
reward. But the prior shall judge if either the needs of the place, or
labour or the heat of summer, requires more; considering in all things
lest satiety or drunkenness creep in. Indeed we read that wine is not suitable
for monks at all. But because, in our day, it is not possible to persuade
the monks of this, let us agree at least as to the fact that we should
not drink till we are sated, but sparingly. For wine can make even the
wise to go astray. Where, moreover, the necessities of the place are such
that the amount written above can not be found-but much less or nothing
at all-those who live there shall bless God and shall not murmur. And we
admonish them to this above all: that they be without murmuring.
48. Concerning the Daily Manual Labour.
Idleness is the enemy of the soul. And therefore, at fixed times, the
brothers ought to be occupied in manual labour; and again, at fixed times,
in sacred reading. ... there shall certainly be appointed one or two elders,
who shall go round the monastery at the hours in which the brothers are
engaged in reading, and see to it that no troublesome brother chance to
be found who is open to idleness and trifling, and is not intent on his
reading; being not only of no use to himself, but also stirring up others.
55. Concerning Clothes and Shoes
Vestments shall be given to the brothers according to the quality of
the places where they dwell, or the temperature of the air. For in cold
regions more is required; but in warm, less. This, therefore, is a matter
for the abbot to decide. We nevertheless consider that for ordinary places
there suffices for the monks a cowl and a gown apiece-the cowl, in winter
hairy, in summer plain or old-and a working garment, on account of their
labours. As clothing for the feet, shoes and boots.
From Migne, Patrologia Latina Vol. 66, col. 215ff, translated by Ernest F. Henderson, Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages, (London: George Bell and Sons, 1910)