What's Involved in Connectivity?

Module NG02c 

Contents of the module:

Objectives of this module
About this document...

Overview

To connect, you need:
 
  • Device to plug a wire into the computer: modem, LAN adapter card 
  • Software to handle communications 
  • Device to route signals to destination: phone, LAN hub 
  • Communications link to carry signals to destination: phone wires, LAN wires, or other links 

Figure 1

What's a Modem?

MOdulator-DEModulator

Types of Modems


What is a protocol? A protocol in computer networking terms is an engineering standard that defines how devices will exchange information. In effect, protocols serve as languages which computer devices use to "talk" to one another, because they make communication possible. Like all things computers do, protocols need to be carried out by programs (software or firmware) that instruct the hardware (devices) what to do - in this case, how to communicate with each other.

How Local Area Networks Connect


Communications Links: Physical

Wire:

Fiber optic: much better; more expensive

Radio: Microwave and Satellite


What software do computers need?


A Typical Modem Session

Click here to listen to a 56.6K modem dialing and establishing contact with a host modem.
You run comm software on your computer
You choose a number from the comm software's directory to dial a "host" computer
Your software initializes your modem
Your modem takes the phone "off hook" and waits for a dial tone
Your modem dials the host's phone number
The host's modem answers, giving a "carrier" tone (high-pitch whistle)
Your modem replies with its carrier (higher pitch)
The two modems negotiate speed, starting with a slow speed; your modem suggests a higher speed, and if the host modem can handle it, they agree to use it
The host's modem notifies the computer that a user is attached
The host computer sends a login prompt
You enter your user code and password; if correct, you are "logged on"
You give commands to the host computer and receive responses until you are done
.......... 
You give the command to log out
The host logs you out, and commands its modem to terminate the connection
Your modem notices that the connection is broken, and informs your comm software
Your comm software tells you the connection has been broken, and commands the modem to hang up the phone. That's it!

Objectives of this module:


  1. what it takes to connect two computers: software, hardware, and communication link
  2. what hardware computers need to get connected
  3. what modems are and what they are for
  4. types of modems, and the advantages of each type
  5. define protocol
  6. what software computers need to get connected
  7. types of software available and the advantages of each type
  8. how computers are connected to local area networks
  9. communication links: physical, software, and provider options
  10. how a typical communication session works



About this document...

Module NG02c: What's Involved in Connectivity?

Review: Click here for reviewNG02cr
Author:
Laurence J. Krieg
Institution:
Department of Computer Information Systems, Washtenaw Community College

Date:
Original: 1 April 1995
Last revision: 2 Dec 1999; review added 5 Feb 1999; modem sound added 13 Feb 1999
Copyright:
Copyright © 1999, Laurence J. Krieg.

Instructors: You may point to this file in your Web-based materials.
Students: you may make a copy for your personal use.
All other uses: contact the author, Laurence J. Krieg for permission.